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With the introduction of 4G LTE, mobile communications were able to achieve higher data throughput than ever before. However that achievement is accompanied by unprecedented battery requirements for mobile terminals. LTE employs the SC-FDMA modulation format in the uplink and it has a higher Peak-toAverage Ratio (PAR) than W-CDMA. One of the most power-hungry components of a mobile terminal is the power amplifier (PA). As shown in Figure 1, the power level of the LTE uplink signal stays relatively low most of the time and goes to peak power only occasionally, but the PA is designed to deliver the highest efficiency only at peak power. Since the high power supplied to the PA won’t be used most of the time, it is mostly dissipated as heat and causes battery drain, impacting the thermal design power (TDP) of the mobile terminals. Envelope tracking (ET) has come to the forefront as a possible solution for this issue in mobile RF front end design. ET dynamically adjusts DC supply voltage based on the “envelope” of the PA input signal and delivers higher voltages only when needed, improving battery consumption and heat dissipation in the PA.
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