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Part 1: 5G New Radio Standard
5G offers a dramatic improvement over 4G’s capabilities. The physical layer specifications began with the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Release 15, which set the foundation for 5G New Radio (NR) and introduced capabilities for enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) and ultra-reliable, low latency communications (URLLC) to achieve extremely fast data rates and provide very low latency in wireless communications. Release 16, finalized in 2021, expanded on the foundation and introduced new capabilities for use cases such as time sensitive network (TSN) and cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) communications.
These new capabilities introduced new challenges for device and component designers. Measurements become more critical in 5G, as does the need to validate protocols for the many different test cases and verify radio-frequency performance to deliver the expected quality of service. Massive multiple-input / multiple-output (MIMO) and beam steering introduce challenges in beam management. The use of millimeter-wave mmWave) frequencies poses challenges in signal quality, and the requirement for over-the-air (OTA) testing makes validation even more difficult. This four-part white paper series explores the lower layers of the communication stack and considerations for addressing new challenges in designing and testing 5G devices.
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