This application note is written for people who need an understanding of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) radio operation as it applies to Long Term Evolution (LTE). MIMO (otherwise known as spatial multiplexing) is one of several multiple antenna techniques that are being implemented in LTE; however, this application note will primarily focus on MIMO implementations.
Increasing use of high-bandwidth applications (such as streaming video) drives a continued desire for higher throughput or better coverage from wireless systems. To some extent, the use of more complex modulation formats such as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) and 64 QAM has satisfied this need. Other optimizations have been made through multiple antenna techniques, including the use of more than one antenna, receiver chains that combine multipath signals and multiple base station antennas correlated in phase to shape coverage area.