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Key features
Optical data interface
4 x 160 Gb/s optical streaming interface
Supports full rate, gapless streaming of raw or digitally down-converted samples into compatible storage, DSP or AWG devices or custom hardware
Synchronization outputs for deterministic latency e.g. from the M8131A RF input to an AWG output
Choice of configurations
Single ended inputs with adjustable sensitivity
Adjustable input range: 40 mVpp - 400 mVpp
Differential inputs with improved intrinsic noise and fixed input sensitivity
No antialiasing filter at the input allows operation in 2nd Nyquist band
Frequency Response correction
Realtime digital frequency and phase response correction in with programmable coefficients – for frequency and phase response equalization of external devices in the input path, e.g. cables or amplifiers.
Digital down-conversion
Built-in digital down-conversion by powers of two from any IF frequency within the M8131A’s bandwidth – simultaneously on all channels. The IF frequency can be set individually per channel.
Synchronization
Synchronization of four M8131A modules (up to 16 channels @ 16 GSa/s or up to 8 channels @ 32 GSa/s) without additional hardware.
M8131A Overview
Conventional digitizers have a certain amount of built-in acquisition memory that allows the user to capture real-world signals for a certain, limited amount of time. Once the data has been captured, there is a dead-time during which the data is processed. But no matter how large the acquisition memory of a digitizer is, it is a finite resource and eventually data acquisition stops.
The M8131A offers – in addition to its build-in acquisition memory – an optical streaming interface (ODI), that allows gapless capture for an unlimited amount of time. Depending on the configuration, the M8131A can either stream the “raw” digitized samples or down-converted I/Q samples over the optical data interface.
The figure below shows an overview block diagram on the M8131A.
Wide bandwidth gapless streaming
The M8131A offers a unique combination of excellent signal fidelity, up to 12.5 GHz instantaneous bandwidth and gapless streaming at full bandwidth simultaneously.
In order to reduce the amount of (unnecessarily) captured data, a “segmented streaming” mode is also available. In this mode, data is only streamed when the IF magnitude is above a certain threshold. With the selection of fixed or variable size segment lengths, it is possible to achieve a 100% probability of intercept. In segmented streaming mode, each waveform segment is preceeded with a timestamp. This allows re-construction of the original signal.
Digital down-conversion
In addition to “direct mode”, where ADC samples are stored in internal memory or transmitted over the streaming interface, providing the full 6.5 GHz resp. 12.5 GHz of instantaneous bandwidth, the M8131A offers a “digital down-conversion” functionality for capturing lower bandwidth signals. In this mode, the digitized samples are multiplied with a (digital) local oscillator, low-pass filtered and decimated to a lower sample rate. Due to the lower sample rate, the resulting I/Q samples require less bandwidth and thus less storage for a given amount of capture time.
Another positive side effect of digital down-conversion is the processing gain: for every decimation by two, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is improved by 3 dB or 0.5 bits of vertical resolution. As an example, if the required instantaneous bandwidth is only 800 MHz the digitized samples that were captured at 16 GSa/s can be decimated by a factor of 16 to 1 GSa/s. The corresponding SNR gain is log2(16) * 3 dB = 12 dB or 2 bits. In other words: for an 800 MHz wide input signal, the M8131A behaves like a 12-bit digitizer
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