How to Analyze 112 Gbps PAM4 Electrical Waveforms

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Modular Sampling Oscilloscope
+ Modular Sampling Oscilloscope
Modular Sampling Oscilloscope
+ Modular Sampling Oscilloscope

Analyze 112G PAM4 Signal Quality and Link Behavior

For 112 Gb/s, 4-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM4) electrical waveforms, a specific workflow is required to evaluate signal quality and link behavior in high-speed electrical interfaces such as 400G Ethernet, serializer/deserializer links, and advanced ASIC interconnects. Engineers analyze waveform characteristics including eye opening, level separation, jitter, and pulse response to understand how transmitter settings, channel conditions, and receiver equalization impact overall link performance.

The measurement is performed using a sampling oscilloscope with an electrical analysis module and clock recovery. The workflow captures repetitive PAM4 signals, recovers the clock, and applies continuous-time linear equalization (CTLE) and decision feedback equalization (DFE) models to evaluate vertical eye closure, pulse response, and residual intersymbol interference. This requires accurate waveform acquisition, stable timing reference, and consistent equalizer configuration to compare link performance across different operating conditions.

112 Gbps PAM4 Waveform Analysis Solution

Analyzing 112 Gb/s PAM4 electrical waveforms requires capturing the signal with sufficient bandwidth while applying receiver equalization models to understand link behavior and signal sensitivity. Keysight’s 112 Gb/s PAM4 waveform analysis solution includes a modular sampling oscilloscope with a precision waveform analysis module and software for PAM4 eye and equalizer analysis. The workflow enables engineers to recover the clock, apply CTLE and DFE models, analyze pulse response and vertical eye closure, and compare waveform quality across transmitter configurations and channel conditions.
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How to Analyze 112 Gbps PAM4 Electrical Waveforms

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