All White Papers

White Papers 2022.05.11

5 Things the E5080B Can Do (That the E5071C Can’t)

The Keysight E5080B vector network analyzer provides a more comprehensive solution for R&D and manufacturing test with useful features to simplify your device test.

2022.05.11

White Papers 2022.05.11

400GE Data Center Transceiver Test: Overcoming Three Key Challenges

Learn solutions for three key challenges transitioning from 100GE to 400GE in the data center: increase channel capacity, guarantee quality & interoperability, reduce test time and cost.

2022.05.11

White Papers 2022.05.10

Electronic Warfare: Vying for Control of the Electromagnetic Spectrum

New, advanced threats dominate the electromagnetic spectrum, leading to developments in analyzing electronic countermeasures and highlighting the benefits of an open architecture approach.

2022.05.10

White Papers 2022.05.10

Four FieldFox Measurements You Can Perform on the Go

This white paper discusses the importance of commonly made radio frequency field measurements: real-time spectrum analysis (RTSA), noise figure, over-the-air measurements (OTA), and cable and antenna test (CAT).

2022.05.10

White Papers 2022.05.06

4 Essential Methods for Creating and Editing Waveforms

This white paper covers four essential methods for creating and editing waveforms using the Keysight Trueform Series waveform generator: editing on the front panel, using Excel, using Keysight’s PathWave BenchVue software, and using MATLAB

2022.05.06

White Papers 2022.05.05

Multisignal Capture and Analysis with DMMs

Design engineers are often time-constrained and do not necessarily want to spend time on extraneous activities. When a design is ready for a test, they need the results fast without all the pain of test setups, hardware and software configurations, test executions, collection of data, and report generation.Do you know that you can perform multisignal digital multimeter measurements effortlessly and quickly without all of the pain mentioned above? Learn from this white paper how to use Keysight PathWave BenchVue software and Keysight Truevolt series DMM to make simultaneous voltage and current drain measurements on your device under test.

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.05

Using a Waveform Generator to Create a Pseudorandom Binary Sequence Signal

This white paper outlines how you can overcome various test challenges using a waveform generator to create pseudorandom binary sequence signals. Learn how to simulate noise in a variety of frequency bandwidths and perform acoustic testing of a structure. Also covered is the stimulus process for eye pattern testing.

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.05

7 Steps to Improve Your DMM Measurement Throughput

As a test engineer, you will want to create a digital multimeter (DMM) measurement process that saves you test time. The benefits of increasing your benchtop multimeter measurement throughput are:• Increase manufacturing output and optimize shippable revenue• Optimize test equipment usage and efficiency• Reduce test footprint and capital cost• Reduce product development test timeIn this white paper, you will learn all the seven steps on how to increase your DMM’s testing speed to improve its overall measurement throughput:1. Auto-zeroing2. Simplify changes during testing3. Optimize range variations4. Optimize power line integration settings5. AC settings and settling time6. Turning off unnecessary functions7. Optimize trigger delays

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.05

Eliminate Potential Measurement Errors and Achieve the Greatest Accuracy in Digital Multimeters

When making measurements with a digital multimeter (DMM), common errors such as signal interference, external noise, and internal current leakage will cause measurement errors. Understanding the root cause of these errors will help you eliminate and achieve the greatest accuracy possible using a benchtop multimeter.This white paper helps you to uncover several sources of system cabling and DC voltage measurement errors, such as:• Radio frequency interference• Thermal EMF errors• Noise caused by magnetic fields• Noise caused by ground loops• Common mode rejection• Noise caused by injected current• Loading errors due to input resistance• Loading errors due to input bias currentIt also covers ways to overcome the above errors to get the accuracy you need.

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.05

Measuring Low Current Consumption with a Digital Multimeter

One of the essential functions a digital multimeter (DMM) has is the current measurement. New generation DMMs now have expanded current ranges that will give you better measurement resolution, allowing you to make more accurate low-current measurements.This white paper teaches how to make accurate low-level current measurements by overcoming errors due to system-related offsets and burden voltage. You will also learn to make dynamic current measurements using Keysight DMM’s digitizing measurement capability and PathWave BenchVue DMM PC application software.

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.05

Waveform Generators Increase Design Efficiency

Waveform sequencing and frequency lists are unique to Trueform Series waveform generators. These capabilities make arb signal generation more flexible and workflow more efficient. With PathWave BenchVue Waveform Builder Pro, you get advanced signal-creation and editing capabilities without spending hours programming.

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.05

Stress Testing Your Device with Simulated Waveforms

Digital components and circuits must be able to withstand a certain amount of noise and jitter in clock and data signals to ensure the reliable operation of your device. If they do not, the result could be communication errors or system failures. Noise, jitter, cross talk, and reflections can cause signal distortions. Transient signal spikes can appear to be valid clocks, or the receiving system might misinterpret data. Such effects cause system failures. The design must minimize distortions to ensure accurate and reliable operation. Therefore, engineers need to stress their devices with these kinds of distortions during design, validation, and production. Stress testing provides valuable insight into the performance of your device under extreme load. Identifying the potential breaking points in your application will allow you to correct them before they become expensive production issues. Engineers must test the limits of their designs to ensure that the products achieve ideal maximum performance and the new hardware meets design specifications across the full range of operations. This white paper discusses the importance of stress testing and explains how to use a function generator to simulate the waveform and stress test your device.

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.05

Complex Modulation Generation with Benchtop Function Generators

The Keysight 33500B / 33600A Series Trueform waveform / function generators create high-quality baseband and IF/RF modulation signals. The Series Trueform waveform / function generator offer "true-arb" architectures, which allow users to obtain image-free signals, and select the best frequency and transient response for a given application.

2022.05.05

White Papers 2022.05.04

Investigate Interference Issues in the Field with RTSA - FieldFox

Interference is everywhere, no matter the network you're operating on. This white paper discusses common sources of interference, where traditional spectrum analysis falls short, and how RTSA aids in detecting interference.

2022.05.04

White Papers 2022.05.04

4 Tips for 5G New Radio Signal Creation

5G NR require you to think differently about how you design and test devices. Learn the four tips to help you successfully generate 5G NR test signals to get your designs to market faster.

2022.05.04

White Papers 2022.05.04

IQ Signal Generation Made Easy

This white paper will cover how to generate both ideal and non-ideal IQ signals. We will use the Keysight 33500B and 33600A Trueform Series waveform generators with the IQ Signal Player option to show you how to do this.

2022.05.04

White Papers 2022.04.28

Reduce Risk with a Better Measurement Process

Read this white paper to learn how to reduce measurement risk. Topics include contributors to measurement uncertainty and how uncertainty grows over time with an incomplete or improper calibration.

2022.04.28

White Papers 2022.04.28

O-RAN: Building the Future of Telecom

Highlights from Frost & Sullivan’s 2021 survey on O-RAN, which represents a major technology disruption that can revolutionize the way cellular communication networks are built.

2022.04.28

White Papers 2022.04.26

Reduce Risk of Electromagnetic Interference in EV Charging Infrastructure Tests

With expectations of faster and high-power charging comes the need to ensure safety and performance across an ever-increasing range of electric vehicle (EV) models and electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) vendors. Ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of the EVSE with the EVs it will charge, and also with nearby electronic devices is necessary to ensure safety and performance.In today’s competitive e-mobility market, EVSE manufacturers must adapt quickly to test a wide range of EV models, and ensure that their charging products conform to different standards around the world. Using a system that emulates the real device-under-test setup can save time and cost.

2022.04.26

White Papers 2022.04.20

Basics of Vector Signal Generators Part 2: Waveform playback mode

Vector signal generators offer precise and stable test signals for receiver tests and RF component characterization. Knowing the basics of vector signal generators is the first step.

2022.04.20

White Papers 2022.04.19

First Steps in 5G: Overcoming New Radio Device Design Challenges Series - Part 1: 5G New Radio Standard

5G NR introduce new challenges for device and component designers. This white paper series explores the lower layers of of the communication stack and how to those challenges.

2022.04.19

White Papers 2022.04.19

Higher Current at More Voltages with Auto Ranging Power Supply

Find how to use auto ranging power supply to provide maximum current at all voltages. Learn more!

2022.04.19

White Papers 2022.04.19

Get More Usable Power with Autoranging Power Supply

Programmable DC power sources are an essential tool in product development and production testing of a wide range of electronic devices and systems. In many instances, functional test requires submitting the device-under-test (DUT) to a wide range of operating conditions. In some cases, the DUT draws constant power under variable input conditions. Common examples are DC motor drives and regulated DC/DC supplies. In such circumstances, the ability of the programmable DC source to provide more current at reduced output voltage is valuable. We refer to this ability as “autoranging.” DC supplies without autoranging often require users to use multiple supplies to test the DUT under varying input voltage conditions.

2022.04.19

White Papers 2022.04.14

Ukraine Power Grid Attack

Several high-profile cyber attacks have made headlines in the last few years, targeting organizations as varied as movie studios, retail store chains, credit agencies, and public utilities.

2022.04.14

White Papers 2022.04.13

Automated Creation of Network Digital Twins

Digital twin technology offers significant value to an organization as it allows continuous access to the digital replica of a physical object or process throughout its lifecycle.

2022.04.13

White Papers 2022.04.13

New Techniques for High-Fidelity Modeling and 5G Simulation

Innovative new techniques for modeling and simulation of 4G and 5G mobile networks can enable effective training, cyber situational awareness, network analysis, and mission rehearsal exercises.

2022.04.13

White Papers 2022.04.13

Get to The Root of Battery Failures

This white paper highlights common temperature-related battery issues and will show you how test instruments can help you build better battery-operated applications.Having an independent test system to monitor battery health and temperature is indispensable. An independent test system enables you to detect potential issues such as thermal imbalance, hotspots, and changes in ambient temperatures that can affect the overall performance of your battery system even if you already have a BMS.An independent battery test system can serve as a test validation system and an external redundancy safety system; it expands to meet all your battery test system needs. Further, the system helps in troubleshooting battery failures. And with a few additional setups and battery software applications, you can use the system as a battery emulator to help build better battery-operated applications.

2022.04.13

White Papers 2022.04.07

Modulation Techniques for Satellite Communications

Focuses on modulation techniques for modern satellite communications from generating and analyzing the signals to the impacts of phase noise on modulation quality.

2022.04.07

White Papers 2022.04.05

Optimize 5G NR MIMO Test and Debug

Learn how to conduct quick and accurate MIMO testing with the UXR.

2022.04.05

White Papers 2022.04.03

Cyber Resilience – Healthcare’s Most Important Asset

Cyber attacks on healthcare networks rose 30%. Find out how to make your network resilient to cyber attacks and maintain business continuity.

2022.04.03

White Papers 2022.04.01

The Role of Active SSL Decryption In Network Monitoring

Learn how a network packet broker (NPB) that has integrated SSL decryption capabilities help to overcome this issue.

2022.04.01

White Papers 2022.03.29

Driving the Future of E-Mobility with Power Conversion and Battery Testing

Key technologies across the electromobility testing ecosystem are pushing the electric vehicle (EV) market into high gear. At the microcosm level, new wide bandgap power devices such as SiC and GaN are going into various power conversion systems in the EV. In parallel, higher-power and density batteries, together with infrastructural investments worldwide in EV supply equipment, are helping to assuage consumers' range anxiety. This white paper highlights some innovations in power conversion and battery design and test technologies that are helping to drive the future of e-mobility.

2022.03.29

White Papers 2022.03.29

Frost & Sullivan Assessing Mobile Network Operators' Plans for O-RAN Deployment

What are mobile network operators' current plans with regard to Open RAN? This presentation presents the results of a survey conducted by Frost & Sullivan on Assessing Mobile Network Operators’ Plans for O-RAN Deployment.

2022.03.29

White Papers 2022.03.28

The Evolution of PCIe® Standards and Test Requirements

Each generation of the PCIe standard doubled the data transfer rate and increased the complexity of test. Regardless of which generation of the standard you are working on, you need a test solution approved by PCI-SIG to ensure that your products comply with the standard and get to market faster.

2022.03.28

White Papers 2022.03.23

Solving the Application and Security Test Challenges of Distributed Cloud

This whitepaper discusses the rise of distributed cloud and zero trust and why a new way of testing network security and performance is needed. Learn how Keysight’s CyPerf is answering this challenge.

2022.03.23

White Papers 2022.03.22

Using Periodic Calibration of Antennas to Ensure the Ongoing Performance of OTA Systems

Know your antenna, trust your system. From radios to radar, your system is only as good as its antenna. Keysight’s Antenna Calibration Lab delivers SI-traceable results for manufacturers and organizations requiring a proven provider of standards-compliant measurements, offering on-demand flexible capacity that meets high volumes of antenna calibrations. With the world’s largest open-area test site (OATS), our CALTS-compliant facility is uniquely able to meet your specific requirements—ANSI, CISPR, IEEE, MIL-STD, SAE—with unmatched precision and repeatability.

2022.03.22

White Papers 2022.03.17

Accelerate Deployment of Space Missions Through Digitalization

By applying novel digital engineering techniques, you can reduce costs and increase operational confidence for your space missions while accelerating deployment.

2022.03.17

White Papers 2022.03.16

What You Should Know About Regulatory Test for Wi-Fi 6E Devices

Learn about Wi-Fi 6E and the other Wi-Fi standards. Understand the measurement challenges device makers need to overcome to meet the new regulatory requirements for wireless IoT devices.

2022.03.16

White Papers 2022.03.16

Optimize Signal Quality In 5G Private Network Base Stations

Enterprises can harness the advantages of 5G private networks for businesses with support from the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standards, Release 16, and more. In order to provide a comprehensive coverage of 5G new radio (NR) private network, 5G NR measurement applications running on a signal analyzer should be able to measure and interpret transmitter tests. Some key tests include output power, output power dynamics, transmit ON/OFF power, transmit signal quality, unwanted emissions, and transmitter intermodulation. Therefore, it is essential to select testing devices that can provide robust performance and ensure that the base station transmitters in the network perform to standards. To characterize and test millimeter-wave (mmWave) products' true performance, designers and manufacturers need to address testing challenges that make the signal quality more susceptible to impairments. Error vector magnitude (EVM) measurement can give powerful insight into the performance of a digital communication base station transmitter and is one of the primary metrics to assess the quality of the transmitted signal. This white paper will discuss the EVM measurement as a key component of transmit signal quality in 5G private network base stations, the testing challenges that mmWave poses, and the Keysight solutions that address these challenges.

2022.03.16

White Papers 2022.03.15

NERC CIP Standards for Threat Visibility and Detection

This paper explains NERC's compliance requirements Utilities should consider when implementing a monitoring and visibility strategy for the 100Day Plan. The NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards include regulatory elements that make collecting and archiving network traffic more important than ever before. Utilities are subject to regular NERC Compliance audits and must also regularly conduct vulnerability assessments.

2022.03.15

White Papers 2022.03.14

5G Private Networks for Industry 4.0 — Part 1

5G private network Industry 4.0 use cases put significant demands on network performance. Get familiar with the underlying standards, deployment options, and key 5G features enabling these networks.

2022.03.14

White Papers 2022.03.11

Metrology and Traceability Matters to Ensure Accurate Measurements

Accuracy matters. This white paper explains how traceability is the proof that measurement results were obtained with a direct link to an agreed upon reference.

2022.03.11

White Papers 2022.03.10

5G Private Networks for Industry 4.0 — Part 2

5G private networks bring significant benefits to manufacturers, but the road to deployment has challenges requiring a holistic view of the network lifecycle from design validation to operations.

2022.03.10

White Papers 2022.03.08

Evolution of The Connected Healthcare System

Technology in the healthcare industry has evolved tremendously over the last five years. Technology is now compact, faster, and more affordable. It is an expectation that all new healthcare devices and tools are intelligent — with multiple sensors connected wirelessly to each other and the internet. The combination of advances like the internet of things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and cloud services impact the changes you see in healthcare today. Learn about four critical technology changes in the healthcare industry today in this white paper.

2022.03.08

White Papers 2022.03.07

Ensure Your Base Station Transmitter Complies with 5G NR Rel 16

In light of ever-evolving standards, test solutions need to support higher frequencies, wider bandwidths, and new physical layer capabilities. Thanks to the much faster, more reliable, and near-instant connections that come with the 5G, we now see a variety of innovative and comprehensive mobile wireless communication applications every day. Base stations must now pass new conformance tests to ensure they deliver on their promises. Performing conformance testing is an important part of the base station lifecycle, which requires a thorough understanding of 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) specifications. This paper discusses 5G NR Release 16 base station transmitter conformance testing requirements and the specific challenges that arise in millimeter wave (mmWave) frequency testing. We will also discuss how to stay compliant with standards using the new designs in Keysight signal analysis solutions, when testing your base station transmitters.

2022.03.07

White Papers 2022.02.15

Understanding and Testing Multi-Channel RF Systems with Signal Generators Part 2

Generating and analyzing multiple synchronized RF signals are potentially challenging. This white paper discusses test signal requirements for the evaluation of multi-channel RF systems and how to configure instruments for these test requirements.

2022.02.15

White Papers 2022.02.11

Achieving C-V2X Compliance

Testing the performance of cellular vehicle-to-everything (C-V2X) components and subsystems to achieve compliance against evolving 5G test requirements is an ongoing challenge for the connected vehicle market. The global acceptance for the C-V2X technology takes autonomous driving from a shared vision to mass-market reality. C-V2X uses the 3rd Partner Project (3GPP) standard for 4G and 5G mobile cellular connectivity and operates in the 5.9 GHz frequency band. In most countries, this is the official designated Intelligent Transport System (ITS) frequency band. C-V2X certification is a shifting landscape because of the evolving regional ITS standards while at the same time the regulatory requirements for 5G are a moving target. Manufacturers must accommodate future iterations and legislative changes to be competitive in a rapidly expanding marketplace. This white paper outlines the importance of C-V2X and how to stay ahead of C-V2X certification despite the evolving 5G test requirements and regulations. The key topics covered in the white paper including the following: Advantages of C-V2X Technology, Automotive Industry alliances, C-V2X certification Challenges, C-V2X Testing and Validation, Ensure conformance, C-V2X Test Solutions. Download this white paper for more insights.

2022.02.11

White Papers 2022.02.09

How to Characterize Wideband High-Power Amplifiers

This paper focuses on distortion measurements for wideband high-power amplifiers. Discover how to perform stimulus-response testing for wideband applications and introduce an innovative method to characterize RF power amplifiers.

2022.02.09

White Papers 2022.02.09

Improve Measurement Integrity RF and microwave wideband signal generation

Discuss the impacts of frequency responses and modulator imperfections on wide bandwidth signals, and how to improve measurement integrity for these impacts.

2022.02.09

White Papers 2022.02.08

The Fast Track to PCIe® 5.0

The PCIe® standard is a core technology used to interconnect server peripherals in the data center. PCIe 5.0 will enable the mass adoption of 400GE technologies.PCIe® is a US registered trademark and/or service mark of PCI-SIG.

2022.02.08

White Papers 2022.02.07

3 Tactics for Configuring Phase-Coherent RF Signal Generation

Multi-antenna techniques, such as multi-input multi-output (MIMO), and beamforming can help you achieve diversity, multiplexing, and antenna gain in order to improve spectral efficiency and SNR. This white paper will help you understand phase coherence and why it matters, and offer tactics for generating phase-coherent signals.

2022.02.07

White Papers 2022.02.04

Emerging Solutions for Hybrid & Electric Vehicle DC-DC Converter Design and Test

The increasing adoption of electric vehicles is boosting demand for DC-DC converters. Emerging technologies such as high-power WBG semiconductors and bidirectional power supply are helping to develop new DC-DC converters. This paper explores the benefits enabled by these new technologies, and addresses design and test challenges associated with these new technologies, to ensure energy-efficiency and performance of these converters.

2022.02.04

White Papers 2022.02.04

Open RAN: The Fast Track to 5G

Open RAN: The Fast Track to 5G5G promises to change the game for mobile network operators by unlocking exciting new revenue opportunities. In addition to mobile broadband, operators will be able to offer new enterprise services enabled by network slicing, private 5G, and edge computing.These services will require an unprecedented level of agility and customization from network operators. Radio access networks will need to be flexible, interoperable, scalable, and costefficient. These are some of the reasons network operators are increasingly interested in Open RAN.Open RAN refers to the use of open interfaces and virtualized software to create and operate a radio access network.

2022.02.04

White Papers 2022.02.01

Less Downtime and Faster Recovery

The potential cost of network downtime can run into thousands of dollars — per minute. To mitigate the effects of, or even prevent a network outage, it is critical to have a robust troubleshooting system in place that delivers complete insight into the network through a visibility architecture. To improve network reliability, organizations need to establish greater visibility of the data that flows through their networks, where it goes, and how to control it. This paper outlines how to use network visibility to reduce troubleshooting time and expense.

2022.02.01

White Papers 2022.01.28

Threat Hunting 101

While security threats in general are a consistent concern for IT departments, the specific types of security threats change over time. For instance, according to the WatchGuard Internet Security Report - Q1 2019, cyber attackers are altering their forms of security attacks that includes: an increase in malware, changes in network attacks, new Mac adware variants, and a surge in web application attacks (like XSS and SQLi). This is important because what you do not know about the security of your network really will hurt you. Since security threats are changing, this could mean that you also need to change, or at least augment, your security tactics. One tactic that has been increasing for a couple years now is to actively hunt for threats on your network. Passive security practices just aren’t good enough anymore. You need to be proactive to stop a breach, as the threats themselves have become much more sophisticated and harder to detect. Read this white paper to get an overview what you need to start a threat hunting practice and how to go about it.

2022.01.28

White Papers 2022.01.28

Automation: The Future of Network Visibility

This whitepaper provides some insights to consider for automating your SIEM, NMS, packet capture device, and other tool deployments.

2022.01.28

White Papers 2022.01.27

A Network Architect's Guide to Inline Security - Performance Matters

Inline security solutions operate more efficiently, troubleshoot faster, and stay online longer with the right inline security architecture. Get the details you need to make the best network visibility and security architecture choices for your business.Download this white paper now to get an understanding of market drivers for inline security, how an inline architecture solves common security problems and how to implement inline security.

2022.01.27

White Papers 2022.01.27

4 Ways to Enhance IoT Battery Performance Using Emulation Software

Learn how you can utilize battery emulation software to accurately predict and extend battery life through battery profiling, battery emulation, current drain analysis, and battery cycle testing.

2022.01.27

White Papers 2022.01.27

Guide to Visibility Use Cases: Reducing Network Costs

As networks grow more and more complex, the cost to maintain those networks increases. Learn how to maximize efficiency and reduce costs by implementing a visibility architecture that optimizes performance, uncovers blind spots, and extends tool life.

2022.01.27

White Papers 2022.01.27

Troubleshooting Network Quality of Service and Performance

This white paper explains how an effective network visibility architecture can help measure performance and identify the source of problems.

2022.01.27