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At 448 Gbps, we may see, for the first time, a split in signaling—PAM6 for electrical and PAM4 for optical, which could cause unforeseen complexities. No matter how complex your design challenges, Keysight empowers your innovation with flexible, scalable 448 Gbps test solutions, ensuring your path to successful designs.

Data Center Test for 448 Gbps Serial

With the move to 3.2 T in data center networks, interconnects with 400-448 Gbps are beneficial for increasing bandwidth while significantly reducing power consumption and cost.

Scaling AI data centers to 448 Gbps lane speeds presents tremendous engineering challenges, requiring both scale-up (denser integration) and scale-out (distributed architectures) strategies. Technologies such as 2.5D integration and co-packaged optics (CPO) can overcome signal integrity and power efficiency limitations, minimizing electrical interconnect distances between switch ASICs and optics. Forward Error Correction (FEC) becomes increasingly essential to maintain signal reliability.

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Demos 2025.07.02

Behind the Breakthrough – 448G / Lane Signaling at PAM4

As AI data centers push toward 3.2T Ethernet speeds, Keysight, NTT Innovative Devices and Lumentum achieved a major milestone: 448 Gbps PAM4 optical transmission using 224 GBaud PAM4. This groundbreaking demo proves the future of ultra-fast, energy-efficient optical interconnects—essential for scaling AI networks and meeting tomorrow’s high-performance computing demands.

2025.07.02

Demos 2025.06.06

448Gbps Research Demonstration at DesignCon 2025

The next-generation interconnect architecture for high-performance artificial intelligence (AI) clusters is advancing to 448 Gbps interfaces for 3.2Tbps systems sooner than expected. Keysight will showcase its M8199B arbitrary waveform generator and other key tools enabling this technology.

2025.06.06

Demos 2025.07.04

448 Gbps Optical Research Demonstration

AI and ML applications require ultra-fast, real-time data processing. The 448 Gbps transmission speed accelerates data movement between compute and network nodes, reducing latency and enhancing AI/ML model efficiency. As these models become increasingly complex, higher data throughput is essential to support scalability without bottlenecks. Additionally, this breakthrough improves data center efficiency, lowering operational costs and minimizing environmental impact.

2025.07.04

Featured Resources

Application Notes 2025.02.06

Research on 448 Gbps with PAM6 and PAM8

While electrical and optical interfaces at 224 Gbps are based on ~112 GBaud PAM4, the appropriate modulation format for 448 Gbps is still a topic for researchers. Possible solutions are: 150 GBaud PAM8, 174 GBaud PAM6 and 224 GBaud PAM4. This document describes how to generate and detect such high-speed signals with Keysight equipment.

2025.02.06

Application Notes 2025.04.18

Beyond 200G: What are the Brick Walls of 400G Links per Lane?

Signal Integrity, Resonance, Radiation

2025.04.18

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