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Application Notes
Resistance measurement is one of the most commonly performed tests to characterize electrical device properties. However, very small resistance measurements require a very precise, low-level current source to prevent device self-heating or device damage during testing.
There are many factors that need to be considered when making precise low resistance measurements:
• The 4-wire (Kelvin) measurement technique must be used to remove lead and contact resistance.
• A current source and a voltage meter with both low noise and high accuracy are required.
• Test currents must be large enough to generate sufficient voltage drop across the test resistance such that it is measurable within the test equipment’s resolution limits.
• Self-heating effects caused by power dissipation need to be minimized.
• Special measurement technique must be used to eliminate offset currents (zeroing) and to reduce the thermal electromotive force (EMF) by alternating the current direction.
• The current source and the voltage meter must be synchronized to avoid measurement error caused by source settling time.
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