Spectrum Analyzer Basics

Download Understanding the Fundamentals of Vector Network Analysis Application Note

Vector network analysis characterizes how RF components affect the magnitude and phase of swept-frequency and swept-power test signals. This application note connects transmission-line behavior and impedance matching to reflection, transmission, phase, group delay, and S-parameters, showing how incident, reflected, and transmitted waves relate to the measurements displayed on a vector network analyzer.

  • Distinguish linear magnitude and phase changes from nonlinear signal behavior. 
  • Connect incident, reflected, and transmitted waves to reflection and transmission measurements. 
  • Use the Smith chart to relate complex impedance, reflection coefficient, and impedance matching. 
  • Interpret return loss, voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), gain, insertion loss, insertion phase, and group delay. 
  • Map S11, S21, S12, and S22 to two-port reflection and transmission behavior.






Let's Solve What's Next.

Talk to an expert who knows what it takes.