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    • E4727A Advanced Low-Frequency Noise Analyzer [Obsolete]

    E4727A Advanced Low-Frequency Noise Analyzer

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    HIGHLIGHTS

    Note: This product is scheduled to be discontinued. We continue to provide this page to assist you in using or replacing your product. Please refer to the replacement product page at https://www.keysight.com/products/E4727B.
     
    • Advanced low-frequency noise analyzer’s integration with WaferPro Express enables turnkey noise measurements as well as measurement of DC characteristics, capacitance and RF S-parameters.
    • Industry-leading noise sensitivity (-183 dBV2/Hz) that allows noise measurements at high voltages (to ±200 V) and down to ultra-low frequencies (to 0.03 Hz).
    • Software module measures DC characteristics, 1/f noise, random telegraph noise and conducts data analysis.
    • Keysight’s close collaboration with Cascade Microtech enables a complete integrated on-wafer solution with automated control of all major wafer probing systems.

    The E4727A Advanced Low-Frequency Noise Analyzer enables fast, accurate and repeatable low-frequency noise (LFN) measurements on numerous device types. Now, thanks to tight integration with Keysight’s WaferPro Express software, device modeling and characterization engineers can now add noise measurements to a larger suite that includes high-speed DC, capacitance and RF S-parameter measurements, all the while automating wafer prober control.

    Applications

    The applications are numerous, however a few important ones are listed as follows.

    • Process design kit (PDK) development - Semiconductor device foundries enable fabless design centers to design components like transceivers for mobile phones, frequency synthesizers, analog-to-digital converters. To make this possible, the foundries must provide Process Design Kits (PDK’s) with simulation models of the semiconductor devices. The simulation models must capture noise effects on transistors (BJT, CMOS, etc.) and resistors across all possible bias currents, temperatures and geometries.
    • Manufacturing statistical process control - As an example, manufacturers of GaN devices may use noise measurements across their wafers as an early indicator of device reliability. Those devices that exhibit more noise are likely to fail sooner. Now we have a nondestructive way of assessing reliability, quite in contrast with standard accelerated life testing. Furthermore, for circuit applications where noise is a critical parameter, wafer level measurements can be used to track the evolution of noise performance across days, weeks and months of manufacturing.
    • IC noise specification - Integrated circuit manufacturers of operational amplifiers and linear voltage regulators often need to characterize output voltage noise as a critical specification in their datasheets. One wafer may contain 20,000 such circuits. To efficiently measure and map circuit performance across the wafer (and even across lots of wafers), the probe and signal conditioning circuitry must be placed close to the device under test to improve grounding and minimize external noise influences. The unique modular design of the A-LFNA enables short cables to the probe fixtures, thereby widening the frequency range of this measurement.

    Turnkey Measurements

    The A-LFNA’s built-in measurement routines make DC and noise measurements turnkey. To measure noise on an N-Type MOSFET, for example, the system automatically chooses the source and load impedances that will best expose the intrinsic device noise. The engineer can accept these recommended settings or make changes, and a noise measurement is initiated. The A-LFNA then measures noise power spectral density (1/f noise) and noise in the time domain (RTN). Resulting data is plotted using a multiplot data display window. Various windows tabs help facilitate common tasks like evaluating device DC operating point and measuring the slope of the power spectral density curve. Noise data can also be analyzed and represented in device models using device modeling tools such as Keysight’s Model Builder Program (MBP) and IC-CAP. Circuit designers can use these device models to ensure highly accurate RF and analog low-noise circuit design.

    Automated RTN Solution using E4727E3 and B1500A

    E4727E3 efficiently performs at a low cost an automated RTN measurement on the wafer using the B1500A Semiconductor Device Analyzer with the B1530A Waveform Generator/Fast Measurement Unit (WGFMU). It can improve the efficiency of RTN measurement and data analysis including wafer prober control.

    Key features

    • Automated RTN and 1/f noise measurement and data analysis
    • Wafer mapping
    • Multiple data overlapping display
    • System noise floor display and data clipping
    RTN and 1/f Noise Measurement System Comparison
        E4727A
    A-LFNA
     
    E4727A
    A-LFNA
     
    E4727E3
    Automated
    RTN Software
    for B1500A
     
    Measurement Software   E4727P3
    A-LFNA Measurement and
    programming bundle software
    E4727P3
    A-LFNA Measurement and
    programming bundle software
    E4727E3
    WGFMU Measurement
    bundle software
    License Type   Floating Floating Node-locked
    Supported Instrument   E4727A A-LFNA B1500A with
    B1530A WGFMU
    (Optional)
    B1500A with
    B1530A WGFMU
    Target Device   FET, BJT, Diode,
    Resistor, Circuit
    FET FET
    Device Terminal Number   3, 4, 5, 6 3 3
    Maximum Bias Voltage   +/-200 V +/-10 V +/-10 V
    Maximum Bias Current   +/-100 mA +/-10 mA +/-10 mA
    Bias Mode for FET   SetVg, SetId, SetOD,
    SetODvdlin 
    SetVg, SetId, SetOD,
    SetODvdlin 
    SetVg, SetId, SetOD,
    SetODvdlin 
    Noise Floor   2E-27 A2/Hz   1E-25 A2/Hz  1E-25 A2/Hz
    Analog Frequency Bandwidth   30 m – 40 MHz   1 m – 16 MHz  1 m – 16 MHz
    Frequency Domain Measurement Minimum Frequency 30 mHz   1 mHz  1 mHz
      Maximum Frequency 40 MHz   16 MHz  16 MHz
    Time Domain Measurement Maximum Sampling Frequency 400 MHz  200 MHz  200 MHz
      Minimum Sampling Interval 2.5 nsec  5 nsec  5 nsec
      Maximum Sampling Number 224=16,777,216   221=2,097,152 221=2,097,152
    Controller PC    M9036A
    PXIe Embedded Controller 
    M9036A
    PXIe Embedded Controller 
    Windows PC 
    GPIB Interface    M9036A
    Built-in GPIB Interface
    (Micro-D 25 pin) 
    M9036A
    Built-in GPIB Interface
    (Micro-D 25 pin) 
    USB GPIB Interface
    (Keysight 82357B,
    NI GPIB-USB-HS)

     A-LFNA - WGFMU Comparison

    A-LFNA - WGFMU

    Figure 1. A-LFNA - WGFMU Comparison using Device: JFET, Bias: Ids=300p/1n/2n/7n/100n/1µA, Vds=50mV.

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