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Application Notes
Modern radar systems are typically classified as ground-based, airborne, ship-based or space borne. Radars have numerous applications including civilian air-traffic control, meteorology, traffic enforcement and military air defense. Key aspects of any radar system include frequency of operation, waveform characteristics and antenna type. Unmodulated continuous wave (CW) radars can measure target velocity and angular position.
Range information is typically extracted using some form of modulation such as a pulsed waveform. These types of “primary” radars work by transmitting a waveform that is reflected off the target’s surface and then these echoes are measured at the radar’s receiver. There are other types of secondary or “beacon radars” creating a two-way data link between a ground station and an aircraft. Secondary radar originated from the Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) radar system developed during World War II and complements the limitations of the primary radar. Modern beacon systems, such as the Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System (ATCRBS), separate the interrogation and reply frequencies resulting in stronger received signal levels at the ground station and improved weather-related performance.
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