Mapping Mechanical Properties of 2205 Duplex Stainless Steel

Application Notes

Duplex stainless steels have a dualphase microstructure comprising both austenite and ferrite grains. This microstructure provides an advantageous combination of mechanical properties. By itself, ferrite has poor formability, but high strength. Ferrite’s high strength derives from its body-centered cubic (BCC) crystalline structure. The BCC structure has no true close-packed planes, so it requires more energy to initiate slip. Austenite has excellent formability, but relatively low strength. Austenite’s good formability derives from its face-centered cubic (FCC) structure which has 12 slip systems. Thus, the presence of both ferrite and austenite grains serves to increase the overall strength while maintaining suficient formability for many applications. The duplex structure is formed by adding less nickel than is necessary for achieving a fully austenitic structure. As the steel solidiies, the BCC ferrite forms irst. The FCC austenite forms as the last material solidiies. During subsequent annealing, additional austenite may form by a solid-phase transformation. By volume, the 2205 duplex alloy comprises a roughly 50-50 combination of austenite and ferrite grains [1, 2]. Nanoindentation is an ideal tool for probing the mechanical properties of the individual ferrite/austenite grains in a duplex stainless steel. El Mehtedi et al. used nanoindentation to probe 2205 duplex stainless steel. At an applied force of 2mN, they found no signiicant difference between the two phases with respect to either modulus (E) or hardness (H) [3].

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