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Application Notes
Spontaneously ordered fluids known as liquid crystals made their way from curious laboratory compounds to useful industrial materials with remarkable electro-optical and mechanical properties. Nowadays, these materials have been broadly applied in liquid crystalline displays and as ultra-strength fibers, which are prepared from liquid crystalline polymers. Optical and mechanical properties of liquid crystals arise from molecular self-organization into ordered structures of different types. Cholesteric liquid crystals exhibit helical supramolecular configuration that provides selective reflectivity at wavelength defined by helical pitch. A general understanding is that nematic layers are turning into helix by twisting relatively to each other (Figure 1a), and this order is strongly influenced by interfaces of liquid crystalline material on a substrate or in air. Therefore, the examination of surface assembly of liquid crystals can reveal important information of their behavior. Furthermore, studies of structural configuration of these ordered materials at small scales bring new insights into structure and properties of nanostructures, which has become essential players in technological developments.
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