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Application Notes
Visualization of surface structures and examination of their properties in various environments are invaluable for understanding behavior of materials in many practical applications. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), in which an ultra-sharp probe is employed for surface studies, provides unique spatial information about sample topography and surface properties at the micron and nanometer scales. This technique can be applied to samples in air, gases, vacuum and liquids. However, the AFM experiments in vapors of organic solvents are not common because such instrumental capability is available only with scanning probe microscopes made by Keysight Technologies. The use of these instruments in different gas environments can provide researchers with novel results and discoveries related to structure and performance of functional materials. Studies of compounds on different substrates and in various environments are important for understanding their adhesion, wetting/ dewetting, swelling, hydration and other phenomena. Several AFM studies, which are covered in this application note, illustrate strong scientific and technological potential of such applications. The examined materials include important industrial polymers, liquid crystalline compound and sample of bitumen. The AFM applications at the sub-micrometer scale are demonstrated by studies of individual macromolecules, whose surface arrangement and conformational order are strongly influenced by various organic vapors.
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