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Metrology of Optical Modulation Formats

Metrology of Optical Modulation Formats

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The fundamental methods of encoding digital information onto an optical carrier are identical to the methods that have been developed and are widely used in the RF and wireless world. The only difference between the optical and the radio transmission is the frequency of the carrier. In the case of radio transmission, the carrier frequency can be as low as a few kHz (long wave radio) and as high as a few GHz (analog or digital satellite communications or TV broadcast). For optical long haul communication, carrier frequencies are higher by many orders of magnitude and reside around 200 THz. In both cases, the channel bandwidth is just a small fraction of the carrier frequency; however, that small fraction at the optical frequencies can reach bandwidth of tens of GHz.

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