Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) Design and Test
Keysight offers complete PAM-4 solutions for simulation, input and output design characterization for 32 Gbaud and beyond.
Demand for increased network bandwidth in data centers continues to grow. Providing 400 Gb/s, also called 400G, links will be the next step in meeting the continuing need for increased network bandwidth in data centers. Multi-level signaling formats such as Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-N) are technologies that will enable 400G implementation. However, the revolutionary switch from non-return-to-zero (NRZ) to PAM-4 presents many new design, measurement, and test challenges.
The resources you find here provide an overview of PAM-4 and PAM-N design, an explanation of the latest measurement techniques, and an illustration of design and debug approaches and test solutions. Work with Keysight and gain insights for your best design.
PAM4 Simulation
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View pulse amplitude modulation (PAM-4) design and test solution examples.
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Advanced Design System (ADS)
Advanced Design System (ADS)
The industry’s leading RF, microwave & high speed digital electronic design automation software for wireless communications & networking, aerospace & defense, and signal integrity applications.
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M8196A 92 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generators
M8196A 92 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generators
High speed AWG with up to 92 GSa/s sample rate supporting signals up to 64 GBaud on 4 channels in a 1-slot AXIe module - simultaneously.
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M8040A 64 Gbaud High-performance BERT
M8040A 64 Gbaud High-performance BERT
The M8040A is a highly integrated BERT for physical-layer characterization and compliance testing. With support for PAM-4 and NRZ signals and data rates up to 64 Gbaud it covers all flavors of 400 GbE standards.
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M8070A System Software for M8000 Series of BER Test Solutions
M8070A System Software for M8000 Series of BER Test Solutions
The M8070A system software for BER test solutions is required to control the J-BERT M8020A. It offers a graphical user interface and remote control for all parameters.
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N1070A Optical Clock Data Recovery Solution
N1070A Optical Clock Data Recovery Solution
Optical Clock Data Recovery System for single-mode and multi-mode transceiver characterization
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M8195A 65 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator
M8195A 65 GSa/s Arbitrary Waveform Generator
The Keysight M8195A is a high-speed AWG with up to 65 GSa/s sample rate and 25 GHz bandwidth on up to 4 channels per module
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86100D-9FP PAM-N Analysis Software for 86100D DCA-X Oscilloscopes
86100D-9FP PAM-N Analysis Software for 86100D DCA-X Oscilloscopes
86100D-9FP is a software option that analyzes Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) signaling formats on electrical and optical signals using the Keysight 86100D DCA-X wide-bandwidth oscilloscope platform.
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N8827A PAM-4 Analysis Software for Infiniium Real-time Oscilloscopes
N8827A PAM-4 Analysis Software for Infiniium Real-time Oscilloscopes
N8827A PAM-4 analysis software accurately and quickly characterizes PAM-4 electrical signals described in IEEE 802.3bj Clause 94 and addresses future PAM measurement needs as outlined in standards such as OIF-CEI-56G and IEEE 400G.
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N8827B PAM-4 Analysis Software for Infiniium Real-time Oscilloscopes
N8827B PAM-4 Analysis Software for Infiniium Real-time Oscilloscopes
N8827B PAM-4 analysis software accurately and quickly characterizes PAM-4 electrical signals described in IEEE 802.3bj Clause 94 and addresses future PAM measurement needs as outlined in standards such as OIF-CEI-56G and IEEE 400G.
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N1085A PAM-4 Measurement Application for Ethernet and OIF-CEI
N1085A PAM-4 Measurement Application for Ethernet and OIF-CEI
The N1085A PAM-4 measurement application for 86100D DCA-X oscilloscopes helps you to quickly and accurately analyze Pulse Amplitude Modulation 4-Level (PAM-4) signals as proposed in draft standards such as OIF-CEI-56G and IEEE 400G Ethernet.
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N8836A PAM-4 Measurement Application for Ethernet and OIF-CEI for Real-Time Oscilloscopes
N8836A PAM-4 Measurement Application for Ethernet and OIF-CEI for Real-Time Oscilloscopes
The N8836A PAM-4 measurement application for Ethernet and OIF-CEI for Infiniium real-time oscilloscopes is designed to accurately and quickly characterize PAM-4 electrical signals and address future PAM measurement needs in developing standards.
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86105D 34 GHz Optical, 50 GHz Electrical Module, 750-1650 nm, MMF And SMF
86105D 34 GHz Optical, 50 GHz Electrical Module, 750-1650 nm, MMF And SMF
86105D 34 GHz optical 50 GHz electrical module
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N5245A PNA-X Microwave Network Analyzer, 50 GHz
N5245A PNA-X Microwave Network Analyzer, 50 GHz
10 MHz to 50 GHz, 2 and 4 ports, one or two sources, source and receiver attenuators, bias-tees, internal combiner, switches, pulse generators/modulators, and noise figure, for most advanced and flexible high-performance device characterization.
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86100D Infiniium DCA-X Wide-Bandwidth Oscilloscope Mainframe
86100D Infiniium DCA-X Wide-Bandwidth Oscilloscope Mainframe
The 86100D Infiniium DCA-X oscilloscope combines high analog bandwidth, low jitter, and low noise performance to accurately characterize optical and electrical designs from 50Mb/s to over 40Gb/s.
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N1045A 60 GHz 2/4 Port Electrical Remote Sampling Head
N1045A 60 GHz 2/4 Port Electrical Remote Sampling Head
With over 60 GHz electrical bandwidth on 2 or 4 remote sampling heads, N1045A combines superior measurement fidelity with unmatched channel density resulting in the industry’s most cost-effective solution for testing high-speed, multi-lane designs.
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N1055A 35/50 GHz 2/4 Port TDR/TDT Remote Sampling Head for the 86100D DCA-X
N1055A 35/50 GHz 2/4 Port TDR/TDT Remote Sampling Head for the 86100D DCA-X
N1055A 35/50-GHz (8-ps) time-domain reflectometry (TDR) and time-domain transmission (TDT) module for the Keysight 86100D DCA-X platform provides fast, accurate impedance and S-parameter measurements on high-speed designs that have up to 16 ports.
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N4917BSCA Optical Receiver Stress Test
N4917BSCA Optical Receiver Stress Test
The Keysight N4917BSCA optical receiver test solution is a complete, automated and repeatable solution for optical receiver stress test.
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N1930B Physical Layer Test System (PLTS) 2018 Software
N1930B Physical Layer Test System (PLTS) 2018 Software
The N1930B new Physical Layer Test System (PLTS) 2018 software is a powerful signal integrity tool for today’s high-speed digital designers.