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How Does an Oscilloscope's ADC Impact Vertical Resolution?
All manufacturers specify the number of ADC bits in their oscilloscopes, and resolution is the smallest quantization level determined by the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter in the oscilloscope.
The number of unique digital codes or quantization levels (Q levels) is 2n where n is the number of ADC bits. An 8-bit ADC has 256 Q levels, whereas a 12-bit ADC has 4096 Q levels. Each oscilloscope ADC operates on the oscilloscope’s full scale vertical value. Thus the Q-level steps are associated with the full-scale vertical oscilloscope setting. If the user adjusts the vertical setting to 100 mV per division, for example, full screen equals 800 mV (8 divisions * 100 mV/div) and Q-level resolution is equal to 3.125 mV/level (800 mV divided by 256 levels). If measuring current, for a vertical setting of 10 mA/div, Q-level resolution is set at 312.5 µA/level (80 mA divided by 256 levels)
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