WEBVTT

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Let's go to another large media category.

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It's the receiver testing, which is
much more complex than transmitter testing.

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Let's look at some of these challenges
and pitfalls and gotchas

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that our customers will run into
when they do USB4 receiver testing.

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The first and biggest challenge
is the calibration cocktail.

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It's a very complex cocktail.

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It's got very unique requirements
for insertion loss.

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It's got very unique stress factors.

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For example, when we did USB 3.2,

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we did not have to worry
about common-mode interference

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nor differential-mode interference
and crosstalk,

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but these are new requirements
that did not exist in the USB 3 world before.

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For the first time, our customers
have to add additional ISI,

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they have to add additional
common-mode interference,

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and they also have to add crosstalk,
something that they have never had to do before.

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Real quick, ISI is intersymbol interference.

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Yes, ISI is simply loss caused by channel,
which is a long cable or a PCB.

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You're correct, it's the effect of channel loss,
and it shows up as jitter.

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-You're correct.
-Perfect, thank you.

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It was never easy to perform a jitter calibration
on USB 3.2 at 10 Gbps.

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There was already fairly little margin.

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In fact, just this morning,
I had a call with a customer

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who was having challenges
with just good old 10 Gbps USB gen 2.

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Still to this day, our customers struggle
with that because there's so little margin.

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When you double that bit rate to 20 Gbps for USB4,
it becomes exponentially more complicated.

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Precisely performing the calibration
to the correct stress cocktail

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is going to be one of the biggest challenges
our customers are going to run into

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in this ecosystem.