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Transmission Measurements Using Frequency Converter Applications

Application Notes

Frequency-converting devices are one of the fundamental components in every RF or microwave transceiver chain. These key components present unique measurement challenges because they exhibit both desired and undesired linear and non-linear behavior. There are several measurements needed to fully characterize frequency-converting devices.

  • Transmission measurements include conversion loss or gain, group delay, derivation from linear phase, and port to port isolation.
  • Relection measurements include return loss and VSWR.
  • Measurements that characterize the distortion added by the conversion process include, intermodulation distortion, conversion compression, and undesired mixing products.

Due to the nature of the required measurements, a stimulus-response ratioed measurement technique, such as S-parameter analysis, is ideal for most of the above measurements. Unfortunately, since these components have different input and output frequencies traditional S-parameter and network analysis techniques used for linear devices are not valid.

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