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The term “cognitive radio” (CR) means different things to different people. However, most seem to agree that cognitive radios have, as a fundamental building block, the requirement to sense their environment. Specifically, they require spectrum and location sensing. Fast and accurate spectrum sensing is critical to dynamic spectrum sharing, whether for television (TV) whitespace, next generation (XG) radio, or land mobile radio (LMR) applications. The spectrum sensing block is common to most, if not all, dynamic spectrum access technologies, where the goal is to find andoccupy underutilized, or “whitespace” spectrum. This is distinctly different from multi-mode, multi-band cell phones which search for occupied spectrum in the form of base-station downlink signals and then take their instructions from the cellular system. Cellular systems are quite sophisticated and achieve high spectral efficiency using highly coordinated and controlled spectrum access. Cognitive radio systems achieve increased spectral utilization through opportunistic access to what the radio believes is underutilized spectrum. As with most new technologies, CR technology brings with it new design and performance verification challenges. This paper describes some of these challenges and introduces a new tool, the cognitive radio algorithm R&D testbed.
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