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Application Notes
Frequency-translation devices (FTDs) such as mixers, converters, and tuners are critical components in most RF and microwave communication systems. As communication systems adopt more advanced types of modulation, FTD designs are increasingly complex, tests are more stringent with tighter specifications, and the need to reduce costs is more important than ever.
The measurement trade-offs for frequency-translating devices vary widely among different industries. Measurement accuracy, speed, cost and ease of setup are among the considerations for determining the best test equipment. This application note explores current test equipment solutions and techniques that can be used to accurately characterize and test frequency-translating devices. Frequency-translating devices present unique measurement challenges since their input and output frequencies differ. These require different measurement techniques than those used for a linear device such as a filter. This note covers linear frequecy-translation measurements, such as magnitude, relative phase, reflection and isolation. Corresponding accuracy issues are also discussed.
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